Puerto Rico is currently facing an ecological emergency created by an uncontrolled outbreak of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD), a disease that causes the loss of coral tissue. This condition has caused the loss of 50-100% of the corals of several vulnerable species in multiple locations on the island, particularly affecting the reefs in the east, north and some in the south of Puerto Rico.
It also implies the loss of reef growth capacity, leading to an increase in the vulnerability of coastal communities due to the impacts of a hurricane. Reefs with high-growth corals can buffer 50 to 90% of wave energy. But a reef where almost all of its corals are dying loses the ability to attenuate wave energy, and with the climate change impacting Puerto Rico, this means a high level of risk of coastal erosion, and it turns in loss of life and public infrastructure. Recently, a new threat appeared called fireworms ("Hermodice carunculata") which are predatory species of corals and gorgonians. In addition, their highly venomous bristles can irritate fish and other organisms that dare to encounter this worm and consequently, the fish will leave the reefs and expose fishermen to more dangers, as they would have to travel a longer and more dangerous distance to catch the fish. This and the above reasons imply the deterioration of essential fish habitat, affecting their role as a nursery for multiple species, with consequences on our food security.
In Puerto Rico, the devastating impact of Hurricane Maria, earthquakes, and environmental pollution has taken a toll on the reefs, hindering the growth of corals. Recognizing the urgent need to aid marine fauna, a group of biologists reached out to collaborate with Engine-4 on the design and 3D printing of various coral prototypes. These 3D-printed corals are made from a biodegradable material called PLA, derived from corn. The team has already produced multiple models for testing in Culebra, Puerto Rico, and actively collects feedback to refine their designs or explore possibilities for mass production. This endeavor aims to contribute to the restoration and preservation of marine wildlife in Puerto Rican waters.rth and some in the south of Puerto Rico.
